Valve-seat surfacing tool



Dec. 2i, 1937. M. HOLHUT VALVE SEAT SURFACING TOOL Filed Sept, 16, 1936 Patented Dec. 21, 1937 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE VALVE-SEAT SURFACING TOOL Michael Holhut, Jennings, Mo., assignor to H t H Machine & Motor Parts Co., St. Louis, Mo., a corporation of Missouri This invention relates generally to valve-seat surfacing tools and, more particularly, to a certain new and useful improvement in tools for both surfacing the wall of a valve-chamber of an internal combustion engine and equipping the valve-seat of the chamber with a series or plurality of faces of different angularity.

Modern automobile internal combustion engines are usually provided with a plurality of valve-seats or valve apertures for admitting and exhausting gases in the explosion-chambers or cylinders, and, as is well understood, it is of paramount importance that the valves which operate in such apertures be accurately and precisely seated for eicient operation.

Further, in operation, the valve-seat and the explosion-chamber associated which latter the valve stem operates, eventually become fouled andcoated with a hard encrustation normally referred to as carbon, which eventually interferes with the proper seating of the valve.

Hence, in the reconditioning of the engine, as Well as in the original manufacture thereof, it

is necessary for eicient engine operation to surface the valve-seat and the wall of the valvechamber.

My invention, therefore, has for its chief object the provision of a tool so constructed for simultaneously and inA one operation resurfacing a valve-seat and the wall of the valve-chamber of an internal combustion engine.

My invention has for a further object the pro- Vision of a tool which may be employed in a unitary operation to so position itself within the valve-chamber co-incident with the true axial line thereof for utilization in simultaneously cutting upon the valve-seat a plurality of contiguous surfaces having varying degrees of angularity and accurate concentricity about the true axial line of the valve-chamber.

My invention has for an additional object the provision of a tool of the type and for the purposes stated which is of relatively simple and durable structure, which may be economically manufactured, and in which the various cutting elements may be readily demounted for sharpening, repair, or replacement, and the like.

And with the above and other objects in view,

5.0 my invention resides in the novel features of form, construction, arrangement, and combination of parts presently described and pointed out in the claims.

In the accompanying drawing,-

-55 Figure 1 is a ver-tical @lei/09ml View, partly therewith, in Y broken away and in section, of a valve-seat surfacing tool constructed in accordance with and embodying my present invention;

Figure 2 is a transverse sectional view of the tool, taken approximately on the line 2-2, Fig- 5 ure' 1; and f Figure 3 is a fragmentary elevational View of three selected tool-bit members utilized in and forming part of the tool, showing in particular the cutting faces thereof. Y 10 Referring now in more detail and by reference characters lto the drawing, which illustrates a preferred embodiment of my invention, A designates a portion of a standard cylinder block of an internal combustion engine, extending ver- 15 tically in which is a valve-chamber B communicating at itsbottom with a diametrically reduced port C and provided at its upper end with a valve-seat D concentric with the axial line of the valve-chamber B and the port C. 20

Adapted for lengthwise insertion through the valve-seat D and the chamber B downwardly into the port C, is a pilot reamer E comprising a cylindrical shank portion l preferably integrally formed at its one or lower extremity, ref- 2'5 erence being ma-de to Figure 1, with a co-axially extending diametrically enlarged head-portion 2 provided peripherally with longitudinal fluted cutting edges 3 for reaming engagement with the side wall 4 of the valve port C. Also provided-30 in the reamer-shank l at its other or upper extremity, is a through-aperture 5 for snugly accommodating a rod or other suitable handlemember, for a purpose presently described.

Mounted for co-axial rotation about the ream- "35 er-shank I, is a sleeve 1, which is machined accurately to an inside diameter exactly equivalent to the outside diameter of the shank l and is, further, peripherally provided with a plurality of circumferentially spaced longitudinal slots 8, 40 which, in turn, are accurately milled to extend radially inwardly into the body of the sleeve 'l and at the same time extend longitudinally in a line precisely parallel to the axial line of the reamer E. 45

Mounted for longitudinal shiftable adjustment within the respective slots 8, is a plurality of hardened tool-steel bits 9, 9', I0, I0', Il, Il', and Il, the bits being for the most part in pairs, and each of which is suitably ground to provide cutting edges at an end thereof in a manner which will presently more fully appear.

C'o-operable with the sleeve 'l and the several tool-bits, is a locking-collar l 2, which is internallydiametricallyvsized to t down over the outside of the sleeve 1 and the several tool-bits mounted therein for loose embracing engagement with the several bits, the collar I2 being provided with a plurality of circumferentially spaced socket-type radially extending setscrews I3, one such set-screw I3 being provided for, and located in juxtaposition to, each of the respective slots 8 for selectively engaging and releasably locking in position a corresponding tool-bit.

The sleeve 'I is also provided at its upper margin with a pair of diametrically opposite recesses or slots I4 for receiving projections I5 formed preferably integrally on the lower margin of a handle IB, the latter being also provided with an end recess I'I for receiving the upper end of the shank I of the reamer E and with a turningrod or actuating-member 6.

The valve-seat D is normally provided with a plurality of contiguous faces of varying angularity, namely, an initial face a, a second face b, `and an interior face c. The initial face a. is usually provided, as it may be said, as a sort of upper clearance edge, the intermediate face b usually serves as the valve-seat proper, while the interior face c is formed for the double purpose of providing internal clearance for the valve and also for removing burrs and rough edges which may result in the cutting of the valveseat proper. The angles of such various faces differ in different types of automobiles, the most familiar such structure being the Ford V--8 type engine, in which the face a has an angle of 15 from the horizontal, the face b has an angle of 45 from the horizontal, and the face c has an angle of '75 from the horizontal. Accordingly, the respective tool-bits shown in the accompanying drawing, and particularly in Figure 3, 'being provided with respective angular cutting faces of I5, 45, and I5 degrees, are suitable for valve resurfacing operations in connection with the Ford V-8 engine. It is obvious, however, that, by utilizing tool-bits having suitably different cutting surfaces, the present tool may be readily utilized in connection with other types of internal combustion engines.

In use and practice, a suitable rod or other handle-means, not shown, is. inserted in the aperture 5 of the shank I of the reamer E, and the reamer E then. thrust downwardly through the valve-seat D and the valve-chamber B into the valve-port C, whereupon the reamer E is simultaneously turned and forced forward in the conventional manner of a reamer until the carbonaceous encrustations are'thoroughly removed from the wall of the valve-port C, and the reamer E is precisely and accurately fitted therein. In such position, the axial line of the reamer E will be exactly co-incident with the axial line of the valve-port C and the valve-chamber B.

The rod or other handle-like implement mentioned is then removed from the aperture 5 of the reamer-shank I, and the sleeve l, with the several tool-bits positioned properly in the slots 8 and secured by the set-screw I3 of the collar I2, is slipped downwardly over the reamer-shank I. The set-screws I3 are next loosened slightly, and the respective tool-bits shifted longitudinally until snugly in contact with the respective faces of the valve-seat D, whereupon the set-screws I3 may then be tightened.

The handle I5 at its recess I1 is thereupon placed over the extended upper end of the reamer-shank I, and its projections I5 brought into operative engagement with the recesses I4 of the sleeve 'I, whereupon the handle I5 is simultaneously turned and pressed downwardly, thereby bringing or projecting the cutting edges of the several tool-bits into cutting engagement with the respective faces of the valve-seat D. As the turning action of the tool is continued, the several tool-bits will rst out away the carbonalceous encrustations on the valve-seat D and then cut away a thin layer of metal from the respective faces of the valve-seat, thereby completing the resurfacing operation. When the valve-seathas been completely resurfaced, the entire tool may be removed from the cylinder Vblock A andthe valve stem and other operative parts installed in the normal course of engine-assembling operations.

The reamer E thus not only performs its initial function of surfacing the valve-port C, but also subsequently functions as a bearing for the bit-carrying sleeve I. Hence, it will rbe apparent that, by my present invention, I provide a simple, efficient, and economical tool, which will simultaneously perform an entire valve-seat and valve-chamber resurfacing operation without need for removing and repositioning a successive series of tools.` Further, by my present invention, I provide a single unitary tool for valve-seat resurfacing operations, which will quickly and conveniently and in one operation cut a plurality of different faces having varying angularity on a valve-seat and at the same time align the several faces so cut with the true axial line of the valve-chamber. Finally, it will be apparent, by my present invention, that I provide a tool from which the tool-bits or cutting elements may be readily and conveniently removed for resharpening, repair, or replacement, and may be operably and accurately reinstalled in the tool in a very facile and simple manner.

It Will be understood that changes and modications in the form, construction, arrangement, and combination of the several parts of the tool may be made and substituted for those herein Vshown and described without departing from the nature and principle of my invention.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim and desire to secure by Letters Patent is,-

1. A valve-seat surfacing cutter comprising a sleeve adapted for rotative movement in a path accurately concentric about the axial line of a valve-seat, and a plurality of valve-seat cuttingbits operatively mounted in the sleeve, some of said bits having a cutting angle of 15, others of said bits having a cutting angle of 45, and still others of said bits having a cutting angle of 75, said 15 bits being positioned to cut an initial face, said 45 bits being positioned to cut a face contiguous to the radially inwardly disposed edge of the initial face, and said 75 bits being positioned to cut a face contiguous to the radially inwardly disposed edge of the face cut by the 45 bits.

2. A valve-seat surfacing cutter comprising a sleeve adapted for rotative movement in a path accurately concentric about the axial line of a valve-seat, and a plurality of cutting-bits mounted in the sleeve and positioned with respect to each other for entering the valve-seat opening and simultaneously cutting a plurality of intersecting co-axial frustro-conical surfaces.

3. A Yvalve-seat surfacing cutter comprising a hollow sleeve having a plurality of laterally spaced axially extending slots formed in and extending radally inwardly from the outer circumferential surface thereof, a plurality of cutting-bits, each of said cutting-bits being in intertting and longitudinally shiftable engagement with one of the slots, and a removable locking ring having an internal diametrical size slightly greater than the diametrical size of the combined sleeve and cutting tools, said ring being threadedly provided with a plurality of setscrews, each of said set-screws being arranged in alignment with and for releasably locking a selected one of the cutting bits.

4. A valve-seat surfacing cutter comprising a sleeve adapted for rotativer movement concentrically about the axial line of a valve-seat and a plurality of valve-seat cutting-bits operatively mounted in the sleeve, some of said bits having a rst denite cutting angle, others of said bits having a second denite cutting angle diiTerent from the first denite cutting angle, and still others of said bits having a third denite cutting angle diierent from either the first or the second denite cutting angles, said bits having the first definite cutting angle being positioned to out the initial face, said bits having the second definite cutting angle being positioned to out a second face contiguous to the radially inwardly disposed edge of the initial face and said bits having the third definite cutting angle being positioned to cut a face contiguous to the radially inwardly disposed edge of the second face.

MICHAEL HOLHUT. 

